Short-term effects of fire and forest thinning on truffle abundance and consumption by Neotamias speciosus in the Sierra Nevada of California

نویسندگان

  • Marc D. Meyer
  • Malcolm P. North
  • Douglas A. Kelt
چکیده

In many western North American forests, prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are widely used to reduce fuels and restore stand conditions after a century of fire suppression. Few studies have followed the relative impacts of these treatments on the production and consumption of truffles in forest ecosystems, particularly in the Sierra Nevada of California. Using a full-factorial completely randomized design, we examined the short-term impacts of prescribed burning (no burn and burn), mechanical thinning (no thin, light thin, and heavy thin), and combinations of these treatments on the production of truffles and their consumption by lodgepole chipmunks (Neotamias speciosus Merriam) in a mixed-conifer forest of the southern Sierra Nevada of California. Truffle frequency, biomass, and species richness were lower in thinned or burned plots than controls, as was the frequency and generic richness of truffles in the diet of N. speciosus. Truffle frequency, biomass, and species richness, and truffle consumption by N. speciosus were lower in heavily thinned and thinned and burned plots than in those exclusively burned. These results suggest that either thinning or burning can reduce short-term truffle production and consumption, and potentially the dispersal of ectomycorrhizal spores by small mammals. Moreover, truffles decreased with treatment intensity, suggesting heavy thinning and higher burn intensity, particularly when applied together, can significantly affect short-term truffle abundance and small mammal consumption. Résumé : Dans plusieurs forêts de l’ouest de l’Amérique du Nord, le brûlage dirigé et l’éclaircie mécanisée sont largement utilisés pour réduire les combustibles et restaurer les peuplements après un siècle de suppression des feux. Peu d’études ont examiné l’impact de ces traitements sur la production et la consommation de truffes dans les écosystèmes forestiers, particulièrement dans la Sierra Nevada en Californie. À l’aide d’un dispositif factoriel complètement aléatoire, nous avons étudié les impacts à court terme du brûlage dirigé (brûlé et non brûlé), de l’éclaircie mécanisée (pas d’éclaircie, éclaircie légère et éclaircie forte) et des combinaisons de ces traitements sur la production de truffes et leur consommation par les tamias (Neotamias speciosus Merriam) dans une forêt mélangée de conifères située dans la partie sud de la Sierra Nevada en Californie. La richesse en espèces, la biomasse et la fréquence des truffes, de même que la fréquence et la richesse en genre de truffes dans la diète de N. speciosus, étaient plus faibles dans les parcelles brûlées ou éclaircies que dans les parcelles témoins. La richesse en espèces, la biomasse et la fréquence des truffes ainsi que la consommation de truffes par N. speciosus étaient plus faibles dans les parcelles fortement éclaircies et les parcelles éclaircies et brûlées que dans les parcelles brûlées seulement. Ces résultats indiquent que l’éclaircie ou le brûlage peuvent à court terme réduire la production et la consommation de truffes et possiblement la dispersion des spores des champignons ectomycorhiziens par les petits mammifères. De plus, la diminution des truffes est fonction de l’intensité du traitement, ce qui indique qu’une éclaircie forte et un brûlage de forte intensité, particulièrement lorsque ces traitements sont combinés, peuvent significativement affecter l’abondance de truffes et la consommation par les petits mammifères à court terme. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Meyer et al. 1070

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تاریخ انتشار 2005